Managing the Morning Commute Problem with Tradable Credit Schemes under a Fully Autonomous Vehicle Environment

This study investigates the morning commute problem in a single corridor with bottleneck under fully automated vehicle environment. By extending Vickrey’s model, we formulate joint decisions on departure time and parking choices of commuters who make trade-offs among travel cost, cost associated parking, tradable credits. To alleviate traffic congestion improve social welfare, propose time-varying credit scheme integrate it problem. We explore patterns optimal design schemes for homogeneous heterogeneous commuters, respectively. For case, derive conditions to ensure existence equilibrium. The system-wide decreases density after credits are incorporated. Additionally, efficiency can be improved by increasing rate charge rate. an initial distribution strategy combine order guarantee equity. low value (VOT) should allocated more high VOT charged both cases at system optimum, find that equilibrium price increases total amount